System Life Cycle

Introduction

A system is a collection of related components that serve a common purpose. In the phrase “System Life Cycle”, a system is either a program or a collection of programs. Therefore, a system life cycle describes how programs are developed from an idea, to completed programs and then, to revised or discontinued programs.

In this chapter, we shall study the eight phases in the life cycle of a system. A logical approach will be employed to describe the stages, starting from when an idea is conceived, to the stage when the completed system is reviewed.

What is a system

We have been using the word “system” quite freely, but before we discuss all the stages of a system life cycle and the part that a programmer plays, we need to be clear what a system is. Many definitions exist, and we can also find satisfactory definitions in the publications of various standard institutions.

Stages of a System Life Cycle

The environment in which any business system or enterprise function does not remain static for very long. Because of this, the systems has to change. When there are changes, the system will eventually need to be replaced, or significantly altered to become a new system or a new version.

It is appropriate, therefore, to regard the development of a system as a cyclical process, rather than one which has a definite end point. The iterative nature of system development may make it necessary to repeat any stage until it is acceptable. The process of replacing the old system with the new, happens in a series of stages and the whole process is called the “system life cycle”. The system life cycle can be divided into eight phases. Although each phase is presented discretely, it is never accomplished as a separate step.

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